What % of the World Can Read English

Countries and regions where English is used

Nations in which English is an official language (de facto or de jure). Anglosphere countries are those where English is the principal native linguistic communication.

 Official and majority language

 Official and minority language

 Co-official and bulk language

 Co-official and minority language

 Not official and majority language

 Not official and minority language

Speakers of English are sometimes known equally Anglophones, and the countries where English is spoken natively past the majority of the population are termed the Anglosphere. Over two billion people speak English language equally of the 2000s^[update],^{[1] [2]} making English the largest linguistic communication past number of speakers, and the third largest language by number of native speakers.

The Us and Republic of india have the most total English language speakers, with 283 1000000 and 125 million, respectively. There are also 108 million in Pakistan, 79 million in Nigeria, and 64 million in the Philippines.^[3] When those who speak English as a 2nd-language are included, estimates of the number of Anglophones vary profoundly, from 470 1000000 to more than 2 billion.^[two] David Crystal calculates that as of 2003^[update] non-native speakers outnumbered native speakers by a ratio of three:one.^[4] As of 2012^[update], Republic of india claimed to have the world'due south second-largest English language-speaking population: the almost reliable judge is around 10% of its population (125 meg people), a number that is expected to take quadrupled by 2022.^[5] When native and not-native speakers are combined, English is the almost widely spoken linguistic communication worldwide.

England and the Scottish Lowlands, countries of the United Kingdom, are the birthplace of the English language linguistic communication, and the modern class of the language has been being spread around the world since the 17th century, get-go by the worldwide influence of the United Kingdom, and more recently by that of the United States. Through all types of printed and electronic media of these countries, English language has become the leading linguistic communication of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and professional person contexts such every bit science, navigation and constabulary.^[6] The United Kingdom remains the largest English-speaking state in Europe.^[3]

As well the major varieties of English, such every bit American English, British English, Canadian English, Australian English, Irish gaelic English, New Zealand English language, and their sub-varieties, countries such equally South Africa, India, Nigeria, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago also have millions of native speakers of dialect continua ranging from English-based creole languages to Standard English. Other countries, such as Ghana and Uganda, as well use English language as their primary official languages.

Majority English-speaking countries [edit]

English-speaking peoples monument in London

English is the principal natively speech communication in several countries and territories. 5 of the largest of these are sometimes described as the "core Anglosphere";^{[seven] [8] [9]} they are the Usa (with at least 231 million^{[ clarification needed ]} native English speakers),^[x] the United kingdom (threescore one thousand thousand),^{[11] [12] [xiii]} Canada (nineteen million),^[14] Australia (at least 17 meg),^[15] and New Zealand (iv.8 million).^[16] English is also the primary natively spoken linguistic communication in the Republic of Republic of ireland. English based creoles are spoken past a majority of people in Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Republic of guyana, The Bahamas, Belize, Grenada, Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda, Commonwealth of dominica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Suriname^[17]. English is as well spoken past a bulk of people as a second language in countries such equally Denmark, Germany, kingdom of the netherlands, Slovenia, and Sweden.

Countries where English is an official linguistic communication [edit]

In some countries where English is not the most spoken linguistic communication, information technology is an official language or has some official status. These countries include Belize, Botswana, Republic of cameroon (co-official with French), Eswatini (Swaziland), Republic of the fiji islands, Ghana, Republic of india, Republic of kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Republic of liberia, Malaysia, Republic of malta, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, the Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Rwanda, Samoa, Republic of seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Sudan, South Africa, Due south Sudan, Tanzania, Gambia, Republic of uganda, Republic of zambia, and Zimbabwe. There too are countries where in a part of the territory English became a co-official language, in Colombia's San Andrés y Providencia, Hong Kong, Honduras's Bay Islands, and Nicaragua's Mosquito Declension. This was a consequence of the influence of British colonization and American colonization in these areas.

Bharat has the largest number of second-linguistic communication speakers of English (come across Indian English language); Crystal (2004) claims that combining native and non-native speakers, Republic of india has more people who speak or understand English than any other country in the earth. However, most scholars and enquiry that has been conducted dispute his assertions.^[eighteen] Pakistan also has the English linguistic communication (Pakistani English) as a second official language subsequently the Urdu language every bit the result of British rule (Raj). Sri Lanka and the Philippines utilize English as their third and second official linguistic communication later Sinhala and Tamil, and Filipino, respectively.

English is one of the eleven official languages that are given equal status in South Africa (South African English), where there are 4.8 million native English speakers.^[19] Information technology is also the official language in current dependent territories of Australia (Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands) and of the Us of America (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico (in Puerto Rico, English is co-official with Spanish) and the U.s. Virgin Islands),^[twenty] and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People'south Commonwealth of China.

Although the U.s.a. federal authorities has no official languages, English has been given official status by 32 of the l US state governments.^{[21] [22]} Furthermore, per United States nationality law, the process of condign a naturalized citizen of the US entails a basic English language proficiency test, which may be the nigh prominent example of the merits of the nation not having an official language beingness belied by policy realities.

Although falling short of official condition, English is also an important linguistic communication in several former colonies and protectorates of the United Kingdom, such as Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Cyprus and the United Arab Emirates.

English as a global linguistic communication [edit]

Because English language is so widely spoken, it has often been referred to as a "globe language", the lingua franca of the mod era,^[23] and while information technology is not an official language in most countries, it is currently the language nearly often taught as a foreign linguistic communication.^{[24] [25]} It is, by international treaty, the official language for aeronautical^[26] and maritime^[27] communications. English language is 1 of the official languages of the United Nations and many other international organizations, including the International Olympic Committee. Information technology is also one of two co-official languages for astronauts (too the Russian language) serving on board the International Space Station.^{[ citation needed ]}

English is studied about often in the European Marriage, and the perception of the usefulness of foreign languages among Europeans is 67 per cent in favour of English alee of 17 per cent for German and sixteen per cent for French (as of 2012^[update]). Amongst some of the non-English-speaking EU countries, the following percentages of the adult population claimed to exist able to converse in English in 2012: xc per cent in the Netherlands, 89 per cent in Malta, 86 per cent in Sweden and Kingdom of denmark, 73 per cent in Republic of cyprus, Croatia, and Austria, 70 per cent in Republic of finland, and over 50 per cent in Greece, Belgium, Grand duchy of luxembourg, Slovenia, and Germany. In 2012, excluding native speakers, 38 per cent of Europeans consider that they can speak English.^[28]

Books, magazines, and newspapers written in English language are available in many countries effectually the world, and English language is the about ordinarily used language in the sciences^[23] with Scientific discipline Citation Index reporting every bit early equally 1997 that 95% of its articles were written in English language, even though but one-half of them came from authors in English-speaking countries.

In publishing, English language literature predominates considerably with 28 per cent of all books published in the earth [Leclerc 2011]^{[ total citation needed ]} and thirty per cent of web content in 2011 (down from 50 per cent in 2000).^[25]

This increasing utilize of the English language globally has had a large bear on on many other languages, leading to language shift and even language death,^[29] and to claims of linguistic imperialism. English itself has become more open to language shift as multiple regional varieties feed back into the language as a whole.^[thirty]

References [edit]

1. ^ "Crystal, David. The language revolution. John Wiley & Sons, 2004".
2. ^ ^{a b} Crystal, David (2008). "Two thousand one thousand thousand?". English Today. 24: 3–half dozen. doi:10.1017/S0266078408000023. S2CID 145597019.
3. ^ ^{a b} "English Speakers By Country". WorldAtlas. 2018-05-xiv. Retrieved 2021-12-06 .
4. ^ Crystal, David (2003). English as a Global Language (2d ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN978-0-521-53032-3.
5. ^ Masani, Zareer (27 Nov 2012). "English or Hinglish - which will Republic of india choose?". BBC News . Retrieved 12 November 2019.
6. ^ The Routes of English.
7. ^ Mycock, Andrew; Wellings, Ben. "The UK afterward Brexit: Tin and Will the Anglosphere Replace the Eu?" (PDF). ...the core Anglosphere states – the Us, the U.k., Canada, Australia and New Zealand...
8. ^ Press, Stanford University (2011). The Anglosphere: A Genealogy of a Racialized Identity in International Relations | Srdjan Vucetic. www.sup.org. Stanford University Press. ISBN9780804772242.
9. ^ "Getting Existent Nearly the Anglosphere". 17 February 2020. ...from what might be called the "core" Anglosphere nations: Britain, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the U.s.;
10. ^ Ryan 2013, Tabular array 1.
11. ^ Role for National Statistics 2013, Key Points.
12. ^ National Records of Scotland 2013.
13. ^ Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency 2012, Table KS207NI: Principal Linguistic communication.
14. ^ Statistics Canada 2014.
15. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013.
16. ^ Statistics New Zealand 2014.
17. ^ https://world wide web.grinning.com/document/79598
18. ^ Crystal 2004b.
19. ^ Statistics Southward Africa 2012, Table 2.five Population by get-go language spoken and province (number).
20. ^ Nancy Morris (1995). Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity. Praeger/Greenwood. p. 62. ISBN978-0-275-95228-0.
21. ^ "U.Due south. English, Inc". U.S. English language. Archived from the original on half-dozen January 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
22. ^ "U.S. English Chairman Applauds West Virginia Bill to Declare English the States Official Language". U.S. English language. Archived from the original on ane April 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
23. ^ ^{a b} David Graddol (1997). "The Future of English?" (PDF). The British Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on nineteen February 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
24. ^ Crystal, David (2003a). English language as a Global Linguistic communication (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN978-0-521-53032-3 . Retrieved 4 Feb 2015.
25. ^ ^{a b} Northrup 2013.
26. ^ "ICAO Promotes Aviation Prophylactic past Endorsing English Linguistic communication Testing". International Civil Aviation Organization. 13 October 2011.
27. ^ "IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases". International Maritime Arrangement. Archived from the original on 27 December 2003.
28. ^ European Committee (June 2012). Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and Their Languages (PDF) (Report). Eurobarometer Special Surveys. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-07. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
29. ^ David Crystal (2000) Language Death, Preface; viii, Cambridge University Printing, Cambridge
30. ^ Jambor, Paul Z. (Apr 2007). "English Language Imperialism: Points of View". Journal of English language every bit an International Language. 2: 103–123.

Bibliography [edit]

Australian Agency of Statistics (28 March 2013). "2011 Census QuickStats: Australia". Retrieved 25 March 2015.

Afhan Meytiyev (26 September 2013). "English and affairs" (PDF). Scotland'due south Census 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2020.

Bao, Z. (2006). "Variation in Nonnative Varieties of English". In Chocolate-brown, Keith (ed.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. pp. 377–380. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04257-vii. ISBN978-0-08-044299-0.

Crystal, David (nineteen November 2004b). "Subcontinent Raises Its Vocalisation". The Guardian . Retrieved four February 2015.

Crystal, David (2006). "Affiliate 9: English worldwide". In Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. (eds.). A History of the English linguistic communication . Cambridge University Press. pp. 420–439. ISBN978-0-511-16893-2.

National Records of Scotland (26 September 2013). "Demography 2011: Release 2A". Scotland's Demography 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2015.

"The Routes of English". 1 August 2015.

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (11 December 2012). "Census 2011: Central Statistics for Northern Republic of ireland December 2012" (PDF). Statistics Bulletin. Table KS207NI: Principal Language. Retrieved 16 December 2014.

Northrup, David (20 March 2013). How English Became the Global Linguistic communication. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-ane-137-30306-6.

Role for National Statistics (4 March 2013). "Language in England and Wales, 2011". 2011 Census Assay . Retrieved 16 Dec 2014.

Ryan, Camille (August 2013). "Linguistic communication Use in the Usa: 2011" (PDF). American Community Survey Reports. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 16 December 2014.

Statistics Canada (22 August 2014). "Population by mother natural language and age groups (total), 2011 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories". Retrieved 25 March 2015.

Statistics New Zealand (April 2014). "2013 QuickStats Virtually Civilization and Identity" (PDF). p. 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on fifteen January 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.

Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics Southward Africa. 2012. Tabular array 2.v Population by first language spoken and province (number). ISBN9780621413885. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2015.

English language and Diplomacy: http://english.fullerton.edu/publications/clnArchives/pdf/MethievLgDplmcy.pdf

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-speaking_world

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